Haven’t covered Binder (or any deployment) … no time. Are you still having issues?
Huzzah! Got it working. 
Gathered up my binder debugging tips in a blog post here: https://medium.com/@leggomymego/lessons-learned-pushing-a-deep-learning-model-to-production-d6c6d198a7d8.
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I’m not yet super familiar with the V2 library so I may get some details wrong, but here’s my understanding.
First lets start with how plain Pytorch does things. Pytorch has two main classes for dealing with data - Dataset and Dataloader. A Dataset is designed to get individual data items, while a Dataloader is designed to grab batches from a particular Dataset.
Datasets are pretty simple - they just need a __len__ method and a __getitem__ method.
class MyData(Dataset):
def __len__(self):
pass
def __getitem__(self, index):
pass
__len__ is used to determine how many items are in a Dataset. __getitem__ gives you one item in the dataset based on the index value passed.
Dataloaders grab a batch of index values, then use those index values to return a list of items from the Dataset. The Dataloader has a collate_fn that processes the list of items. The simplest collate_fn just returns the batch as a list.
def my_collate(batch):
return batch
But typically we want to pack the batch items into a single tensor. If the items returned from the dataset are already tensors, we could simply stack them. We can also do fancier things in the collate function.
So the question is now how do we decide what actions are going to happen in the __getitem__ method of the Dataset, and which should happen in the collate_fn of the Dataloader. Consider an image dataset. To create batch of images, we need to execute the following steps:
- load image from filename
- convert image into Pytorch tensor
- normalize the image
- resize the image
- apply data augmentation functions to the image
- stack images into a batch
What you typically see in Pytorch is operations happening on a single item occur in the __getitem__ method of the Dataset, while operations related to batching occur in the collate_fn. This means you would do 1-5 in the __getitem__ method, and step 6 in the collate_fn.
To your question, you could totally do all the steps in the collate_fn if you wanted. You could have your __getitem__ method just return the filename, and handle all the rest in the collate_fn. However this would be slower out of the box. The reason is your Dataloader will automatically run a multithreaded process for gathering data based on the num_workers parameter of the Dataloader. This means your batch of __getitem__ calls are running in parallel. Sure you could write your own collate_fn to be multithreaded as well, but that feels like a headache.
Now moving to fastai, the item_tfms is sort of a general extension of processing you might do in the __getitem__ method of a standard Dataset. It denotes transforms applied to one item at a time. This is the case for things like image augmentation, where we are applying different transforms to each image in a batch. We want this stuff happening in a multithreaded process before the collate_fn. If you wanted to apply a single transform to an entire batch (say rotating a batch of images by the same degree), that might be more efficient to do in the collate_fn on a batch level. But for transforms that are going to be different for each image (slightly different augmentations, different resizing, etc), it makes more sense to have outside the collate_fn.
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Nice!
And thanks for blogging about it … I know a lot of folks were/are having issues with Binder so I’m sure this will be helpful to the community at large.
1 Like
Thank you @wgpubs for sharing your video. I’m bit familiar with fastai2, and I really like your approach. I also liked the fact that you started by presenting the pytorch dataset and dataloader presented in WHAT IS TORCH.NN REALLY?.
I encourage both beginner and those who are familiar with fastai2 to watch that video.
I created the the Fastai v2 Recipes (Tips and Tricks) - Wiki thread in order to encourage people to share their fastai2 knowledge. Please, feel free to share your own tips and/or recipes there if you feel like.
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The full article we were reviewing last week (week 4 session) on the DataBlock API has been published and is good to go for running on colab! You can find it here.
We’ll be finishing off the rest of this article in addition to answering any of your burning questions after next week’s lesson.
Hit me up with any questions or anything DataBlock wise y’all want to discuss next Thursday!
-wg
3 Likes
Thank you @wgpubs. Just caught up on the latest video and reviewed your post too. A really awesome breakdown that was incredibly helpful - i’d highly recommend it to anyone who is a little cloudy on anything DataBlock related.
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We’ll be starting this up in about 15 mins for anyone interested (zoom link up top).
See ya in a bit - Wayde
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Here are a few of my Qs for Week 5:
- What is difference b/t GD and SGD. It was asked during the lecture, but I don’t recall Jeremy pointing it out.
- In the SGD image in the book, Jeremy describes the 7 steps. For the last one, “stop,” it says we’ve already discussed how to choose how many epochs to train a model for. I don’t recall that discussion. Can we discuss?
- I’d like to go through adding a non-linearity one more time.
- Week 2 Qs:
- my .pkl returned #0, does this mean my file doesn’t exist
- I’d like to discuss untar data vs download data. I don’t get the difference.
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- GD means when you run through all your data at once. Although it will give you the best gradient, it is not possible in term of memory for the computer to handle this long long matrix. So we need to use SGD, cut your data into batch and process each time only a batch
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On SGD vs GD, I posted an answer in two parts on the lesson 4 threads.
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Hello guys I have questions regarding Character-level language model I am implementing to practice.
After reading some documentation I got a Datablock working
#One txt file is the source
def get_file(path):
with open(path/"100as_cleaned.txt", "r") as infile:
text = infile.read()
n = 1000
return [text[i:i+n] for i in range(0, len(text), n)]
as100 = DataBlock(blocks = TextBlock(tok_tfm = lambda txt: list(txt),
is_lm=True),
get_items = get_file,
splitter=RandomSplitter(valid_pct=0.3, seed=42))
xb, yb = next(iter(dls.valid))
xb.size(), yb.size()
(torch.Size([64, 72]), torch.Size([64, 72]))
However, I get and the following error if I try
dls.show_batch()
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-19-90634fcc3c9e> in <module>()
----> 1 dls.show_batch()
6 frames
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/fastai2/data/core.py in show_batch(self, b, max_n, ctxs, show, unique, **kwargs)
93 if b is None: b = self.one_batch()
94 if not show: return self._pre_show_batch(b, max_n=max_n)
---> 95 show_batch(*self._pre_show_batch(b, max_n=max_n), ctxs=ctxs, max_n=max_n, **kwargs)
96 if unique: self.get_idxs = old_get_idxs
97
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/fastcore/dispatch.py in __call__(self, *args, **kwargs)
96 if not f: return args[0]
97 if self.inst is not None: f = MethodType(f, self.inst)
---> 98 return f(*args, **kwargs)
99
100 def __get__(self, inst, owner):
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/fastai2/text/data.py in show_batch(x, y, samples, ctxs, max_n, trunc_at, **kwargs)
111 @typedispatch
112 def show_batch(x: LMTensorText, y, samples, ctxs=None, max_n=10, trunc_at=150, **kwargs):
--> 113 samples = L((s[0].truncate(trunc_at), s[1].truncate(trunc_at)) for s in samples)
114 return show_batch[TensorText](x, None, samples, ctxs=ctxs, max_n=max_n, trunc_at=None, **kwargs)
115
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/fastcore/foundation.py in __call__(cls, x, *args, **kwargs)
39 return x
40
---> 41 res = super().__call__(*((x,) + args), **kwargs)
42 res._newchk = 0
43 return res
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/fastcore/foundation.py in __init__(self, items, use_list, match, *rest)
312 if items is None: items = []
313 if (use_list is not None) or not _is_array(items):
--> 314 items = list(items) if use_list else _listify(items)
315 if match is not None:
316 if is_coll(match): match = len(match)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/fastcore/foundation.py in _listify(o)
248 if isinstance(o, list): return o
249 if isinstance(o, str) or _is_array(o): return [o]
--> 250 if is_iter(o): return list(o)
251 return [o]
252
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/fastai2/text/data.py in <genexpr>(.0)
111 @typedispatch
112 def show_batch(x: LMTensorText, y, samples, ctxs=None, max_n=10, trunc_at=150, **kwargs):
--> 113 samples = L((s[0].truncate(trunc_at), s[1].truncate(trunc_at)) for s in samples)
114 return show_batch[TensorText](x, None, samples, ctxs=ctxs, max_n=max_n, trunc_at=None, **kwargs)
115
AttributeError: 'L' object has no attribute 'truncate'Looks like the widgets nb has rendered some conflicts to be merged, this one:
Just figured to share @sgugger
Oh thanks for flagging! Should be fixed now.
So truncate is a method that operates on a pandas DataFrame or Series (see here)
My guess is the reason s[0] and/or s[1] as of type L, is because of this line in your DataBlock above:
tok_tfm = lambda txt: list(txt)
Take a look at Tokenizer and functions like Tokenizer.from_df … you may have to create something a bit more elaborate than just list(txt) to return a type show_batch can work with out of the box.
Thanks. I will check that out.
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For the older version, we can put Counter(data.train_ds.y) to get count of labels per train or valid. Does anybody know what’s equivalent to that with the datablock API for fastai2?
Thanks,
Yup … len(dls.train.vocab[1])
1 Like
Regarding the difference between untar_data and download_data, this is what I gathered by looking at the documentation:
-
download_data: For downloading fastai files from a fastai url to the appropriate local path. -
untar_data: For downloading files from a Fastai url or custom url and extracting to folder indest(argument of the function)
1 Like